Auto-aprinderea amestecului aer-combustibil a unui motor diesel necesită temperaturi mari în cilindru la sfârșitul comprimării. Dacă motorul este rece pornirea devine dificilă. Frecările interne mari, pierderea de compresie sunt mai pronunțate la temperaturi scăzute. Din aceste motive motoarele diesel au nevoie de sisteme auxiliare de încălzire a amestecului aer-combustibil pentru pornirea la rece.
Asistarea pornirii la rece a unui motor diesel se face cu ajutorul unei bujii de pre-încălzire numită și bujie incandescentă. La temperaturi scăzute bujia este alimentată cu curent electric și degajă căldură în cilindru pentru a facilita pornirea motorului.
Aceste bujii sunt capabile să atingă temperaturi foarte înalte într-un timp relativ scurt, 850 °C în aproximativ 4 secunde. Bujiile sunt alimentate de la bateria automobilului și convertesc energia electrică în energie termică prin intermediul unei rezistențe electrice.
În cazul în care apare un defect cu sistemul de pre-încălzire (bujii, conectori electrici, cablaj, modul de control, calculator de injecție) motorul prezintă următoarele simptome:
- la rece pornește foarte greu sau nu pornește deloc
- scoate fum negru-albastru
- se aprinde martorul din bord pentru defecte legate de fiabilitatea motorului (cheia)
Fă acum o programare pentru verificarea sistemului de pre-încălzire:
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